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The life’s work of both a lover and observer of birds and nature.

John James ������Ͽ�����¼'s��Birds of America��is��a portal into the natural world. Printed between 1827 and 1838, it contains 435��life-size��watercolors��of North American birds (Havell edition), all reproduced from hand-engraved plates, and is considered to be the archetype of wildlife illustration. Nearly 200 years later, the��������Ͽ�����¼ prints are coming to life once again, thanks to our vibrant digital library. Click through the images below to read ������Ͽ�����¼’s writings on each species and access a free high-resolution download.

These artworks are a spectacular product of John James ������Ͽ�����¼’s life’s work, but his legacy is also intertwined with that of America’s past and present culture of racial oppression. Learn more about��his biography ��and explore��questions that it raises ��about diversity and inclusion in the birding and conservation movements today.

The images in our collection are provided courtesy of the John James ������Ͽ�����¼ Center at Mill Grove in��������Ͽ�����¼, Pennsylvania; the Montgomery County��������Ͽ�����¼ Collection; and Zebra Publishing.��.

Please consult our��Terms of Use��before downloading, and please credit the plates as follows: “Courtesy of the John James ������Ͽ�����¼ Center at Mill Grove, Montgomery County��������Ͽ�����¼ Collection, and Zebra Publishing”